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    • (-) Tanzania

    Publications (186)

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    Sustaining Tanzania's Economic Development
    – A firm and household perspective
    Oliver Morrissey, Joseph Semboja, Maureen Were - Oxford University Press , 2024
    IN PRODUCTION: SCHEDULED FOR PUBLICATION FEBRUARY 2024 This book addresses performance and strategies adopted by firms and households in Tanzania to navigate shocks and achieve sustainability. How successful have firms and households been in building resilience to sustain their growth and...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Performance of tax-benefit systems amid COVID-19 crises in sub-Saharan Africa
    – A comparative perspective
    Jesse Lastunen, Adnan Abdulaziz Shahir, Pia Rattenhuber, Kwabena Adu-Ababio, Rodrigo Oliveira - UNU-WIDER , 2023 - Helsinki, Finland
    We examine the distributional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated tax-benefit measures in seven sub-Saharan African countries, focusing on the onset of the crisis.We evaluate impacts on disposable incomes, considering variations across income groups; assess the effectiveness of tax...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Implementation of local content regulation
    – The case study of a foreign-owned mining operation in Tanzania
    Jambo Ramadhani, Emmanuel Maliti - UNU-WIDER , 2023 - Helsinki, Finland
    Based on a case study of an anonymous mining company in Tanzania, this study assesses the implementation of the local content (LC) regulations and guidelines in the country. The analysis focused on the key LC aspects of the direct workforce (employment and training), procurement of goods and...
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    Report pdf
    SOUTHMOD country report Tanzania - TAZMOD v2.8
    Vincent Leyaro, Elineema Kisanga, Mgeni Msafiri, Michael Noble, Gemma Wright, Rodrigo Oliveira - UNU-WIDER , 2023 - Helsinki, Finland
    This report documents TAZMOD, the SOUTHMOD model developed for Tanzania Mainland. It describes the different tax–benefit policies in place, how the microsimulation model picks up these different provisions, and the database on which the model runs. It concludes with a validation of TAZMOD results...
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    Working Paper pdf
    The effectiveness of social protection in five African countries through normal times and times of crisis
    Katrin Gasior, Iva V. Tasseva, Gemma Wright - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    We study the effectiveness of social protection benefits in reducing income and consumption poverty in five sub-Saharan African countries—Ghana, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia—in normal times and times of widespread economic crisis. Using tax–benefit microsimulation models with...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Determinants of domestic savings in Tanzania
    – Empirical evidence
    Maureen Were, Cornel Joseph - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    This paper examines trends and determinants of gross domestic savings in Tanzania using data for the period 1990–2020. The autoregressive distributed lag approach is employed to empirically analyse the short-run and long-run relationships. There has been a fairly stable increase in the domestic...
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    Working Paper pdf
    The link between public debt and public investment in Tanzania
    Maureen Were, Lorah Madete - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    In a bid to realize its development aspirations, Tanzania has made concerted efforts to increase public investment, particularly in the last decade. A significant proportion of these investments are financed by contracting debt, manifested by the rapid accumulation of public debt, especially...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Incorporating informal workers into social insurance in Tanzania
    Roosa Lambin, Milla Nyyssölä - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    Expansion of social protection reach among workers in the large informal economy represents a persisting and thorny challenge in the development context. In Mainland Tanzania, several domestically led policy reforms have been introduced to increasingly expand social protection for informal workers...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Social protection for working-age women in Tanzania
    – Exploring past policy trajectories and simulating future paths
    Roosa Lambin, Milla Nyyssölä, Alexis Bernigaud - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    Tanzania has expanded its social protection framework significantly over the past decade, but the country continues to grapple with important gender inequalities. This paper examines, first, the evolution and effects of Tanzania’s social protection policies since the 2000s, from the perspective of...
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    Report pdf
    SOUTHMOD country report Tanzania - TAZMOD v2.5
    Vincent Leyaro, Elineema Kisanga, Michael Noble, Gemma Wright, Rodrigo Oliveira - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    View the latest TAZMOD country report here. This report documents TAZMOD, the SOUTHMOD model developed for Tanzania. It describes the different tax–benefit policies in place, how the microsimulation model picks up these different provisions, and the database on which the model runs. It concludes...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Employment policy in Mainland Tanzania: what’s in it for women?
    Roosa Lambin, Milla Nyyssölä - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    Tanzania has experienced relatively strong and stable economic growth accompanied by social stability over the past two decades. The country is also pursuing an ambitious development plan with significant employment objectives. For development to be fully inclusive, specific attention must be paid...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Weathering shocks: the effects of weather shocks on farm input use in sub-Saharan Africa
    Aimable Nsabimana - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    There has been much discussion on climate change and its adverse effects on agriculture, including excessive loss of food production. In regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, where agriculture is the major source of household livelihoods, shocks in weather patterns affect farmers’ expectations of farm...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Determinants of clove exports in Zanzibar
    – Implications for policy
    Samwel J. Kabote, Jires Tunguhole - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    This paper analyses factors for the declining trend in clove exports in Zanzibar using time series data that were collected between 1980 and 2020 and analysed using the vector error correction model, complemented with qualitative analysis. Clove production, producer price, world price, gross...
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    Journal Article
    The impact of indirect tax on income distribution and poverty in Tanzania
    Asiya Maskaeva, Zanda Bochkaeva, Joel Mmasa, Mgeni Msafiri - The Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics , 2022
    This study analyses the impacts of indirect tax benefits policy reforms on income distribution and poverty in Tanzania by applying a standard static microsimulation model TAZMOD v1.8. The simulations model two indirect tax reforms involving changes to the excise duty and value‐added tax rates on...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Exploring social policy trajectories in Mainland Tanzania
    – Driving for gender-inclusive development?
    Roosa Lambin, Milla Nyyssölä - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    In July 2020, the United Republic of Tanzania gained the status of a lower-middle-income country. This came after two decades of significant social policy reforms and transformations in the country’s economic structures. This paper explores social policy trajectories in Mainland Tanzania with a...
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    Working Paper pdf
    The Tanzanian state response to COVID-19
    – Why low capacity, discursive legitimacy, and twilight authority matter
    Amy S. Patterson - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    Tanzania received significant global attention for its COVID-19 response during the first year of the pandemic. It did not share pandemic statistics, require masks, implement lockdowns, or close borders; it questioned testing and vaccine efficacy; and it emphasized traditional medicines as a cure...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Two decades of Tanzanian health policy
    – Examining policy developments and opportunities through a gender lens
    Roosa Lambin, Milla Nyyssölä - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    Tanzania has undertaken important health sector reforms in the new millennium, and the most recent Health Sector Strategic Plan (2021–26) lays out ambitious targets to achieve universal health coverage. Yet, women in Tanzania continue to face significant barriers in accessing healthcare and the...
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    Technical Note pdf
    Feasibility study: simulating the impacts of farm subsidies on poverty and inequality in African countries
    Mari Kangasniemi, Jukka Pirttilä - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    Agricultural subsidies may have significant productive and distributional consequences, and policy-makers need to be able to assess these impacts as a part of the overall tax and benefit policy. Microsimulation models offer a tool for such analysis also in developing countries, but their coverage...
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    Corona pandemic revealed gaps in African social security systems
    Matti Remes - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
    Millions of Africans lost their jobs as a result of the coronavirus pandemic, but state social security systems were of little help to people who lost their income. This is the conclusion of a study conducted by the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research, UNU...
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    Improving the efficiency of tax collection in Tanzania
    – Evidence from risk-based tax examinations
    UNU-WIDER - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    Risk-based approaches are becoming commonplace for tax authorities as a tool for enforcement. Improvements in technology, technological adoption and in some cases machine learning, hold great promise for finding the taxpayers who are most likely to avoid taxes, thus improving the detection of non...
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    How can research help Least Developed Countries achieve sustainable development?
    Kunal Sen - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    The next decade is a make-or-break for the world’s most vulnerable countries. To tackle the unprecedented confluence of COVID-19, climate, and economic crises, new solutions are desperately needed. Scientific research is one key for finding long-lasting solutions. Least developed countries (LDCs)...
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    Limited impact of the tax-benefit system in Tanzania during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
    Elineema Kisanga, Vincent Leyaro, Michael Noble, Rodrigo Oliveira, Pia Rattenhuber, Gemma Wright - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    Tanzania, similar to most sub-Saharan countries, reported its first COVID-19 cases in March 2020. While GDP estimates suggest that the economy was less hard hit than in other African countries, some sectors have nevertheless experienced negative growth. Even with contained GDP contractions in 2020...
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    Working together to better understand how COVID-19 affects poverty and inequality
    Pia Rattenhuber, Rodrigo Oliveira, Jesse Lastunen - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    In summer 2020 the SOUTHMOD team set out, with partners, to analyse the impact of government policies on protecting households from getting poorer and avoiding societies from becoming more unequal. Now we are releasing a cross-country comparative study that analyses the distributional effects of the...
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    Working Paper pdf
    The informal sector and the safety of female traders in Tanzania
    – A reflection of practices, policies, and legislation
    William Amos Pallangyo - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    This paper assesses the participation of female traders, safety factors, and existing policies and legislation in the informal sector in Tanzania. Primary data were obtained from 11 in-depth interviews, 10 focused group discussions, and 236 structured questionnaires. The primary data were...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Improving young women’s working conditions in Tanzania’s urban food vending sector
    Nandera Ernest Mhando, Nasibu Rajabu Mramba - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    In this paper, we investigate the working conditions of the young women working as assistants in the food vending sector in Tanzania using interviews and focus group discussions which are supplemented with quantitative survey. Data were collected in the municipalities of Nyamagana and Ilemela in...
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    Working Paper pdf
    The effects of a risk-based approach to tax examinations
    – Evidence from Tanzania
    Amina Ebrahim, Elineema Kisanga, Ezekiel Swema, Vincent Leyaro, Edwin P. Mhede, Ephraim Mdee, Heikki Palviainen, Jukka Pirttilä - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    While technical assistance and increased use of ICT in the area of tax administration have been regarded to hold considerable promise for greater revenue collection, the evidence on how these activities work in the real-world circumstances of developing countries is scant. The paper attempts to fill...
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    Working Paper pdf
    The mitigating role of tax and benefit rescue packages for poverty and inequality in Africa amid the COVID-19 pandemic
    Jesse Lastunen, Pia Rattenhuber, Kwabena Adu-Ababio, Katrin Gasior, Xavier Jara, Maria Jouste, David McLennan, Enrico Nichelatti, Rodrigo Oliveira, Jukka Pirttilä, Matteo Richiardi, Gemma Wright - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    This paper analyses the distributional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and related tax-benefit measures in 2020 in a cross-country comparative perspective for five African countries: Ghana, Mozambique, Tanzania, Uganda, and Zambia. We first estimate the impact of the crisis on disposable incomes...
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    Regional integration and Tanzania’s export performance
    Vincent Leyaro, Anne Kamau, Roseline Misati - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    Tanzania is, together with Kenya and Uganda, one of the founding members states of the East African Community (EAC), a regional intergovernmental organization which nowadays consists of six partner states in the region. Since the revival of the new EAC in 2000, EAC Customs Union (EAC-CU) in 2005...
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    Technical Note pdf
    Exploring the quality of income data in two South African household surveys which underpin SAMOD
    Helen Barnes, David McLennan, Michael Noble, Gemma Wright - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    This note has set out several data processes that have been undertaken using the income data in dataset(s) that underpin SAMOD. Section 1 describes various data-cleaning steps that were undertaken when preparing the LCS 2014/15 as an underpinning dataset for SAMOD. Part 2 elaborates on the process...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Exploring the quality of income data in two African household surveys for the purpose of tax-benefit microsimulation modelling
    – Imputing employment income in Tanzania and Zambia
    David McLennan, Michael Noble, Gemma Wright, Helen Barnes, Faith Masekesa - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    The quality of data on employment income is explored using Tanzanian and Zambian household survey datasets. The extent of missing and implausible income data is assessed and four different methods are applied to impute missing or implausible values. The four imputation methods are also applied to...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Promoting environmental sustainability in the artisanal and small-scale mining sector in Tanzania
    Abel Kinyondo, Chris Huggins - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    This study examines the interaction between formalization of the artisanal and small-scale mining subsector and the regulation of negative environmental impacts in Tanzania. Formalization generally seeks to move the artisanal and small-scale mining subsector to legal status. Using documents, reviews...
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    Working Paper pdf
    Effectiveness of strategic environmental assessment in promoting sustainable development in Tanzania
    Emanoel Alfred, Joseph Qamara - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
    This paper examines the extent to which strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is implemented in Tanzania and whether its implementation is in line with generally practised procedures/criteria. Out of 17 completed SEA, eight cases were purposively selected and assessed by applying an analytical...
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