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The Job Ladder: Transforming informal work and livelihoods in developing countries

NEW BOOK - Available now on Open Access. Providing a nuanced view of informality across a range of developing economies using a common conceptual framework.
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Book Chapter
Transforming informal work and livelihoods in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Part of Book The Job Ladder

Working Paper
Heterogeneous informality in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

Informal work is often considered a place of employment for marginalized and vulnerable workers who have been rationed out of preferred formal work. However, informality can also be seen as a dynamic sector that budding entrepreneurs and those...

Working Paper
Transforming informal work and livelihoods in Costa Rica and Nicaragua

We divide workers into six work statuses: formal self-employed, upper-tier informal self-employed, lower-tier informal self-employed, formal wage-employed, upper-tier informal wage-employed, and lower-tier informal wage-employed. In both Costa Rica...

Working Paper
COVID-19 and the state: Nicaragua case study

Unlike Latin American peers, and contrary to World Health Organization recommendations, Nicaragua eschewed lockdowns and other common strategies to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Analysts have since demonstrated how Nicaraguan authorities...

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