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      Publications (107)

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      Policy Brief pdf
      Climbing the job ladder
      – A clearer picture of informal work
      Gary S. Fields, T.H. Gindling, Kunal Sen, Michael Danquah, Simone Schotte - UNU-WIDER , 2023 - Helsinki, Finland
      Most workers in developing countries work in the informal labour market Lower-tier informal work leads to a dead end in the countries in this study, with little opportunity to move up the job ladder While those in upper-tier informal work are the most likely to transition to formal labour market...
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      Policy Brief pdf
      Development effectiveness in fragile contexts
      – Evidence from an international research conference
      Rachel M. Gisselquist, Patricia Justino, Andrea Vaccaro - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
      This policy brief draws on the studies presented at the International Research Conference on the Effectiveness of Development Cooperation on 17–18 November 2022, in Brussels, Belgium, jointly organized by UNU-WIDER and the European Commission (DG INTPA) under its capacity as the leading entity of...
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      Policy Brief
      Building evidence around the effectiveness principles
      – Findings from an international research conference
      Rachel M. Gisselquist, Patricia Justino, Andrea Vaccaro - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
      This policy brief draws on the studies presented at the International Research Conference on the Effectiveness of Development Cooperation on 17–18 November 2022, in Brussels, Belgium and jointly organized by UNU-WIDER and the European Commission (DG INTPA) under its capacity as the leading entity of...
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      Inequality is not an inevitable consequence of economic development
      – Overcoming the developer’s dilemma
      Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana, Kunal Sen, Andy Sumner, Arief Anshory Yusuf - UNU-WIDER , 2022
      There are multiple pathways of structural transformation and different inequality dynamics of each. Rising inequality is not inevitable — policies make a difference. Broad-based economic development requires public policies to address any upward pressure on inequality. A different policy agenda for...
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      Boosting mineral revenues in Zambia
      – Policy options for a sustainable fiscal regime
      Andrew Mwaba, Steve Kayizzi-Mugerwa - UNU-WIDER , 2022 - Helsinki, Finland
      This brief provides concrete proposals on how Zambia's government could create a robust fiscal regime to achieve a steady flow of mineral revenue and encourage increased local participation in mining — while ensuring environmental sustainability. Zambia has had many mineral tax regimes and mining...
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      Policy Brief pdf
      Six sets of policy actions to promote social mobility
      Vegard Iversen, Anirudh Krishna, Kunal Sen - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      Promoting social mobility is an essential task of development, and a multi-faceted one. Precarious livelihoods are widespread. Containing downward mobility is an important precondition for sustaining upward mobility. Policies of human capital development assist but do not complete the task of...
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      O papel das políticas de impostos e benefícios durante a pandemia da COVID-19 em 2020 em Moçambique
      José Cardoso, Vanda Castelo, Finório Castigo, Michael Noble, Rodrigo Oliveira, Pia Rattenhuber, Gemma Wright - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      Moçambique reportou o seu primeiro caso da COVID-19 em 22 de Março de 2020. As estimativas do PIB sugerem um forte efeito da pandemia, com uma redução de sete dos nove dos sectores de actividade analisados. No entanto, o sector agrícola – um dos mais importantes – registou um aumento de 9%, que pode...
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      New directions for presumptive tax in Uganda
      Ronald Waiswa, Jesse Lastunen, Gemma Wright, Michael Noble, Joseph Okello Ayo, Milly Isingoma Nalukwago, Tina Kaidu Barugahara, Susan Kavuma, Isaac Arinaitwe, Martin Mwesigye, Wilson Asiimwe, Pia Rattenhuber - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      Presumptive tax, a final tax on business income, was introduced in Uganda in 1997. It has been reformed several times since its conception. The latest reform in July 2020 sought to make the presumptive regime more progressive, simpler and fairer to small firms. The revised rates have however raised...
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      Towards greater poverty reduction in Zambia
      – Simulating potential Cash Plus reforms
      Katrin Gasior, David McLennan, Mbewe Kalikeka, Miselo Bwalya, Maria Jouste - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      A large share of the population in Zambia is living below the national poverty line, with most of them being extremely poor. In a bid to improve the social and economic situation, the Zambian government introduced the Social Cash Transfer (SCT) programme which provides cash payments to poor and...
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      Limited impact of the tax-benefit system in Tanzania during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020
      Elineema Kisanga, Vincent Leyaro, Michael Noble, Rodrigo Oliveira, Pia Rattenhuber, Gemma Wright - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      Tanzania, similar to most sub-Saharan countries, reported its first COVID-19 cases in March 2020. While GDP estimates suggest that the economy was less hard hit than in other African countries, some sectors have nevertheless experienced negative growth. Even with contained GDP contractions in 2020...
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      Distributional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda
      Jesse Lastunen, Gemma Wright, Michael Noble, Ronald Waiswa, Joseph Okello Ayo, Milly Isingoma Nalukwago - , 2021
      In 2020, the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic caused an economic crisis that disrupted the Ugandan labour market. How large were the associated income losses across different industries and population groups? To what extent did the general tax-benefit system mitigate the adverse effects of the...
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      Distributional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana
      Kwabena Adu-Ababio, Robert Darko Osei, Jukka Pirttilä, Pia Rattenhuber - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      The first cases of COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa were reported in March 2020, and the impact of the pandemic has since rippled through the world and Africa. In response to the crisis and similarly to many of its peers, Ghana has enacted a variety of containment measures to confront the pandemic...
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      The role of tax-benefit policies during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Mozambique
      José Cardoso, Vanda Castelo, Finório Castigo, Michael Noble, Rodrigo Oliveira, Pia Rattenhuber, Gemma Wright - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      Mozambique reported its first case of COVID-19 on 22 March 2020. GDP estimates suggest a strong pandemic effect, with a reduction in seven of nine business sectors analysed. However, the agriculture sector, one of the most important, experienced a 9% increase, which may have cushioned the pandemic...
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      Distributional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Zambia
      Mbewe Kalikeka, Miselo Bwalya, Kwabena Adu-Ababio, Katrin Gasior, David McLennan, Pia Rattenhuber - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      Zambia’s economic growth has been flattening over the past decade. In 2020 economic prospects further worsened, following the onset of the pandemic, rising debt, and the Eurobond default. In this unprecedented scenario, there is the need to examine impacts on welfare and the mitigation role taxes...
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      Regional integration and Tanzania’s export performance
      Vincent Leyaro, Anne Kamau, Roseline Misati - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      Tanzania is, together with Kenya and Uganda, one of the founding members states of the East African Community (EAC), a regional intergovernmental organization which nowadays consists of six partner states in the region. Since the revival of the new EAC in 2000, EAC Customs Union (EAC-CU) in 2005...
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      Policy Brief pdf
      The economic gains of reducing the employment gender gap in Morocco
      Olivier Bargain, Maria C. Lo Bue - UNU-WIDER , 2021 - Helsinki, Finland
      Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, including Morocco, currently record the lowest rates of female labour force participation (FLFP) in the world. These rates — between 20-30% in 2019 — appear substantially low in comparison to Western countries, but also compared to low- and middle...
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